数字乡村建设的驱动因素与路径选择 ——基于组态视角下的定性比较分析

Drivers and Path Selection of Digital Village Construction --Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Grouping Perspective

摘要:

我国部分地区的乡村数字化指数偏低，不同区域之间存在“数字鸿沟”现象。为探索生成高水平的数字乡村建设成效的具体路径，基于“社会-技术”理论框架，以《县域数字乡村指数（2020）》中28个省份为研究案例，采用模糊集定性比较分析方法，从社会、技术和外部环境3个层面对数字乡村建设成效的影响机制和驱动路径展开深入探讨，并通过条件组态充分性分析得到高水平数字乡村建设成效的实现路径。研究发现：数字乡村建设成效受到公共需求压力、社会舆论宣传、技术软实力、数字化服务能力、领导重视、财政支持等多维因素的共同作用；实现数字乡村高水平建设成效的驱动路径有3条，即技术创新驱动型、综合协调联动型、社会压力响应型；数字乡村发展本质上在于及时回应公众期望及诉求，实现政策服务供给与人民多元需求的相互匹配。因此，应坚持以农民需求为中心的数字乡村发展导向，做好前期调研与论证，推动现代信息技术与农民生产生活的融合。

Abstract:

As an important part of building a digital China, the implementation of digital village strategy is also critical for achieving agricultural and rural modernization. However, at this stage, the rural digitalization index in some areas of China is low, and there is a "digital divide" between different regions. Most of relevant research focuses on the realization of digital villages through case study or expertise sharing, and empirical discussions on the influencing factors of digital village development are insufficient. To find out specific paths for building a high-level digital village, under the modified "social-technical" theoretical framework (STS), and based on 28 provinces in China from Index of Digital Rural County 2020, this paper adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to determine its influencing mechanisms and driving paths of from three perspectives of society, technology and external environment. Moreover, configurational approach is used to identify the realization paths for high-level digital village. The results indicate that: the effectiveness of digital village building in different provinces obviously varies, decreasing from the eastern, central to western regions; The effectiveness of digital village construction is affected by multi-dimensional factors such as the pressure of public demand, public propaganda, technological soft power, digitalization service capacity, leadership, financial support; Three realization paths are found, including technological innovation-driven path, comprehensive coordination-linked path, and social pressure-responsive path; The building of digital villages essentially lies in responding to the public's expectations and demands in a timely manner, and realizing the mutual matching between policy and service supply and people's multiple demands. Therefore, we should adhere to the orientation of digital village development centered on farmers' needs, do a good job of preliminary research and demonstration, and promote the integration of modern information technology and farmers' production and life.