动机拥挤理论视角下博士后工作满意度的影响机制研究——基于内生动机的中介作用分析

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Postdoctoral Job Satisfaction from the Perspective of Motivation Crowding Theory——Analysis of Mediation Effects based on Intrinsic Motivation

摘要:

博士后工作满意度是影响个体学术资本积累及国家科技创新质效的关键方面。以动机拥挤理论切入,基于2020年Nature全球博士后调查数据检验外部激励—内部动机对博士后工作满意度的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:自我效能感、学术自主性两个内生动机是影响博士后工作满意度的关键因素,其中,学术自主性的作用尤其显著。导师监督对博士后的自我效能感具有“动机挤出”效应,而组织管理、经济保障分别对博士后自我效能感、学术自主性产生“动机挤入”效应。导师监督能够正向影响博士后工作满意度,但挤出博士后自我效能感时,会损害博士后工作满意度。组织管理对博士后满意度的正向影响主要以提升内生动机的间接方式来实现,其直接影响实则为负。经济保障既可直接正向影响博士后满意度,也可通过对博士后内生动机产生挤入效应,进而提升博士后满意度。为此,建议适时调节导后交往观念与监督强度,避免挤出博士后自我效能；以激发博士后学术内生动机为靶向,加快组织机构内部的良性建设。

Abstract:

Postdoctoral job satisfaction is the key aspect that affects the accumulation of individual academic capital and the quality and efficiency of national science and technology innovation. Based on the theory of motivation crowding, the effect of external incentive and internal motivation on postdoctoral job satisfaction was tested based on the data of the 2020 Nature Global Postdoctoral Survey. The study found that the two endogenous motives of self-efficacy and academic independence are the key factors affecting the job satisfaction of postdoctoral students, among which, academic independence plays a particularly significant role. Tutor supervision has "motivation extrusion" effect on postdoctoral self-efficacy, while organizational management and economic security have "motivation crowding" effect on postdoctoral self-efficacy and academic independence respectively. Mentor supervision can positively affect postdoctoral job satisfaction, but crowding out postdoctoral self-efficacy will damage postdoctoral job satisfaction. The positive impact of organizational management on postdoctoral satisfaction is mainly realized in the indirect way of improving endogenous motivation, and its direct impact is actually negative. Economic security can not only directly affect the satisfaction of postdoctoral, but also improve the satisfaction of postdoctoral by squeezing the endogenous motivation of postdoctoral. Therefore, it is suggested to adjust the concept of communication and supervision timely to avoid the self-efficacy and stimulate the internal motivation to accelerate the internal construction of the organization.