政府扶持中国独角兽企业的成长:政策量化与作用解析

Government Support for the Growth of Chinese Unicorns: Policy Quantification and Role Analysis

摘要:

目前鲜有针对中国独角兽企业成长的政府扶持政策研究。为此基于2015-2020年间中国25个典型城市层面的287份独角兽扶持政策文本，系统地设计政策工具量化过程，围绕政策工具密度和政策工具强度设定多样的编码准则，并利用CRITIC方法和主成分分析法结合的方式来客观测算政策工具权重，最后通过拟合函数方法解析独角兽企业扶持政策的作用。研究发现各城市的政策工具密度与独角兽数量呈倒“U”形关系，政策工具强度与独角兽数量呈指数增长趋势，但整体解释率只达到20%-25%。结果表明政府扶持独角兽成长的作用是有限的，还有其他的创业生态要素决定独角兽的成长。

Abstract:

There is currently little research on government support policies for the growth of Chinese unicorns. Based on 287 unicorn support policy texts from 25 typical cities in China from 2015 to 2020, a systematic process of quantifying policy tools is designed, with various coding criteria set around the density and strength of policy tools. The weight of policy tools is objectively calculated using a combination of CRITIC method and principal component analysis method. Finally, the role of unicorn enterprise support policies is analyzed through fitting function method. The study found that the density of policy tools in each city shows an inverted "U" shaped relationship with the number of unicorns, and the intensity of policy tools shows an exponential growth trend with the number of unicorns, but the overall explanation rate only reaches 20% -25%. The results indicate that the government"s role in supporting the growth of unicorns is limited, and there are other entrepreneurial ecological factors that determine the growth of unicorns.