环境公平视角下基于“全碳”核算的中国省级碳效率评价

Evaluation of Green Low-Carbon Level and Carbon Efficiency at Chinese Provincial Level Based on "Full Carbon" Accounting

摘要:

突破以能源消耗碳排放为主的“传统碳”核算的局限，将废弃物排放、生物质资源消耗、电力净输入和森林固碳情况也纳入评价范畴，利用上述指标间的自然能量联系，进行中国各省域“全碳”核算，进而开展基于碳足迹的直接碳效率评价和基于DEA-BCC模型的全要素碳效率评价。结果表明：（1）2016至2020年，中国大部分省域的直接碳效率明显上升，但全要素碳效率却有所下降。“双碳”背景下，相比其它生产资料，碳环境容量日益稀缺，因此全要素碳效率不升反降的现象应引起重视。（2）在“全碳”与“传统碳”两种核算体系下，直接碳效率和全要素碳效率的评价结果均存在差异，而且2020年尤为明显。减污降碳是同根同源问题，能源电力安全是经济发展的重要保障，在此背景下，“全碳”效率的评价结果的解释性更强，其可以更加全面地反映各省域的低碳水平及发展潜力，并为厘清区域间碳减排责任和制定碳综合决策提供一种新思路。

Abstract:

The paper breaking through the limitations of "traditional carbon" accounting, which focuses on energy consumption and carbon emissions, waste emissions, biomass resource consumption, net electricity input and forest carbon sequestration are also included in the evaluation scope. By using the natural energy connections among above indicators, China's provincial "Full Carbon" accounting is carried out, as well as direct carbon efficiency evaluation based on carbon footprint and total factor carbon efficiency evaluation based on DEA-BCC model. The results show that: (1) From 2016 to 2020, the direct carbon efficiency of most provinces in China increased significantly, but the total factor carbon efficiency decreased. Under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", compared with other means of production, the carbon environmental capacity is becoming increasingly scarce, so the phenomenon of total factor carbon efficiency not rising but decreasing should be paid attention to. (2) Under the two accounting systems of "Full Carbon" and "traditional carbon", there are differences in the evaluation results of direct carbon efficiency and total factor carbon efficiency, especially in 2020. In the context of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, energy and power security is an important guarantee for economic development, the evaluation results of "Full Carbon" efficiency are more explanatory, which can more comprehensively reflect the low-carbon level and development potential of each province, and provide a new idea for clarifying inter-regional carbon emission reduction responsibilities and making comprehensive carbon decision-making.