基于协同效益的蓝碳增汇融资机制与路径研究

Research on Financing Mechanism and Path for Blue Carbon Sink Enhancement Based on Co-benefits

摘要:

为实现向可持续、净零排放和韧性社会过渡，亟需探索新的蓝碳融资路径，构建更加丰富的蓝碳融资模式，吸引更多潜在的投资者。梳理国内外蓝碳增汇的融资实践发现，目前蓝碳融资存在收益高度依赖碳交易、融资路径单一、蓝碳项目协同效益融资潜力长期被忽视等问题，严重阻碍蓝碳增汇项目的发展。从蓝碳生态系统的协同效益出发，分析蓝碳项目在海岸防护、生物多样性、渔业栖息地、休闲娱乐方面的协同效益及国际上对蓝碳协同效益融资的前沿探索，提出将蓝碳协同效益纳入融资框架的新思路。建议开发“碳+协同效益”信用额的混合融资模式、结合生态环境导向的开发（EOD）模式反哺蓝碳项目，以及建立基于协同效益的蓝碳融资机制网络来推动环境资源和效益的市场化，助力实现碳达峰碳中和目标。

Abstract:

To facilitate the transition towards a sustainable, net-zero emission, and resilient society, it is imperative to explore innovative blue carbon financing pathways, build a more comprehensive blue carbon financing model, and attract more potential investors. Based on the financing practices of blue carbon sink enhancement domestically and internationally, this paper identifies critical limitations within existing frameworks, such as high reliance on carbon trading for income, single financing path, and long-term neglect of the co-benefits financing potential of blue carbon projects, which seriously hinders the development of blue carbon sink enhance projects. Starting from the co-benefits of the blue carbon ecosystem, the paper analyzes the co-benefits of blue carbon projects in coastal protection, biodiversity, fishery habitats, recreation, and the frontier exploration of blue carbon co-benefits financing globally, and proposes new ideas for incorporating blue carbon co-benefits into the financing framework. It is recommended to develop a mixed financing model with “carbon+ co-benefits” credits and an eco-environment oriented development (EOD) mode to support blue carbon projects, further establish a blue carbon financing mechanism network based on co-benefits to promote the marketization of environmental resources, thus contributing to the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.