科技伦理治理战略下颠覆性技术的伦理挑战及其应对*

The Ethical Challenges and Countermeasures of Disruptive Technology under the Strategy of Ethical Governance of Science and Technology

摘要:

人们对颠覆性技术的认识往往主要局限于经济、商业和科学学等领域，无法全面把握其与社会的互动关系。从科技伦理治理的视角审视，人工智能等颠覆性技术不仅在特定行业领域产生颠覆性影响，而且日益深度嵌入社会系统，在人的自主性、社会公平正义、自然秩序等层面均带来颠覆性伦理挑战及治理难题。然而，颠覆性技术创新的突破性和伦理规范制定、伦理治理框架变革速度之间有时存在不对称性，治理效益与风险的权衡极为复杂，涉及多方利益冲突，难以达成一致性和共识从而导致决策困境。在推进颠覆性技术伦理治理中，应注重伦理创新与技术创新的同步推进、强化敏捷治理，通过加强伦理预见优化风险与效益权衡，扩大多元主体参与和跨学科合作，加强国际合作与协调、共同制定颠覆性技术伦理标准和治理框架，促进颠覆性技术向善发展。

Abstract:

People's understanding of disruptive technologies has mainly been based on fields such as economics, business, and science, which cannot fully grasp their interaction with society. From the perspective of technology ethics governance, disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence not only create disruptive impacts in various industries but also are increasingly embedded in social systems, bringing disruptive ethical challenges and governance issues in areas such as privacy security, social fairness and justice, and natural order. However, there is often an asymmetry between the breakthrough nature of disruptive technological innovation and the pace of ethical norm establishment and governance framework transformation. Balancing governance effectiveness and risks is extremely complex, involving conflicts of interest among multiple parties, making it difficult to reach consensus and leading to decision-making dilemmas. In promoting the ethical governance of disruptive technologies, it is essential to advance ethical innovation and technological innovation simultaneously, strengthen agile governance, enhance ethical foresight to optimize the balance of risks and benefits, expand the participation of diverse stakeholders and interdisciplinary cooperation, and strengthen international cooperation and coordination to jointly formulate ethical standards and governance frameworks for disruptive technologies, thereby promoting the development of disruptive technologies for the greater good.