“技术-组织-环境”因素联动对企业数字创新的影响——基于新一代信息技术企业的QCA分析

The Impact of Technology-Organization-Environment Factors Linkage on Digital Innovation：QCA Analysis Based on New Generation Information Technology Enterprises

摘要:

新一代信息技术产业成为中国数字经济体系建设的新支柱，而数字创新又是数字经济增长的重要引擎，因此如何有效提升新一代信息技术企业数字创新水平，已成为学界和业界重要课题。基于TOE框架，使用沪深Ａ股新一代信息技术产业上市企业数据，通过fsQCA方法探寻技术、组织与环境3个层面7个前因条件对企业数字创新的影响。研究发现：(1)企业通过多因素联动实现数字创新，存在4类能够产生高水平数字创新的组态，即技术环境联动的学习转化型、技术环境联动的捕获突破型、技术环境联动的协调开拓型和技术支持的自驱求变型；(2)企业吸收能力在实现高水平数字创新中发挥着重要作用，感知能力则在一定程度上可以替代外部环境对于企业的正向影响作用，环境要素中对数字创新起主要推动作用的是市场竞争程度；(3)缺失数字基础设施、高层次人才、感知能力、吸收能力这4个因素对非高水平数字创新的形成有着相对普遍的作用。政府应进一步优化市场竞争与政府支持的动态协同机制，构建企业良好的数字创新环境；新一代信息技术企业则应遵循系统性原则，结合自身优势和外部环境选择提升数字创新绩效的模式，并要积极培育支撑组织数字创新的动态能力，以提升企业创新效率和创新质量。

Abstract:

The new generation information technology industry has become a new pillar for the construction of China's digital economic system, and digital innovation is an important engine for the growth of digital economy, so how to effectively improve the digital innovation level of the new generation information technology enterprises has become an important topic in academia and industry. Based on the TOE framework, using the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in the new generation information technology industry, the fsQCA method is used to explore the impact of seven antecedent conditions on enterprise digital innovation at three levels: technology, organization and environment. The research found that: (1) Enterprises achieve digital innovation through multi-factor linkage, and there are four types of configurations that can produce high-level digital innovation, namely, the learning transformation type of technology-environment linkage, the capture breakthrough type of technology-environment linkage, the coordinated and pioneering type of technology-environment linkage and the self-driven transformation driven by technology support. (2) Enterprise absorptive capacity plays an important role in achieving high-level digital innovation; perceptual ability can, to a certain extent, replace the positive impact of the external environment on an enterprise; among environmental factors, the main role in promoting digital innovation is the degree of market competition. (3) The four factors of lack of digital infrastructure, high-level talents, perception ability, and absorptive capacity play a relatively common role in the formation of non-high-level digital innovation. The government should further optimize the dynamic coordination mechanism between market competition and government support, and build a good digital innovation environment for enterprises; The new generation information technology enterprises should follow the systematic principle, combine their own advantages and external environment to choose the mode of improving digital innovation performance, and actively cultivate the dynamic capability of supporting organizational digital innovation, so as to improve the innovation efficiency and innovation quality of enterprises.