创新过程视角下技术机会识别:内涵、分类与展望*

A Review of Technology Opportunity Identification from the Perspective of Innovation Process: Connotation, Classification and Future Prospects

摘要:

技术机会分析对确定优先发展领域、合理配置科技创新资源具有重要意义。从技术创新理论内涵出发，探究创新过程视角下技术机会异质性构成，并依据不同研究目的将其划分为研发导向型技术机会、产品导向型技术机会、市场导向型技术机会三种类别，进一步围绕识别视角、研究数据、研究方法、识别依据、验证方式进行系统化总结与归纳。研究结果表明，不同导向型技术机会的内涵、存在形式、研究目的实则各不相同，因此需要从不同的识别视角切入并辅以相应的研究数据与研究方法。然而，现有研究成果之间缺乏有效的衔接与逻辑关联，未形成面向创新全过程的技术机会识别体系。未来，技术机会相关研究将面临研究对象从一般性技术到颠覆性技术、研究方法从多样化发展到规范化统一，研究视角从单一化维度化到多层次、系统化的转变。

Abstract:

Technology opportunity identification is of great significance to identify the priority areas and rationally allocate science and technology resources. Depending on the heterogeneity of technology opportunities at different stages of innovation, technology opportunity is divided into R&D-oriented, product-oriented, and market-oriented. They are summarised around data source, identification perspective, identification method, identification criteria, and verification method. Facing different technology innovation activities, the existence form, research objective, and identification perspective of technology opportunities are different. However, there is a lack of effective connection between current research, which has not formed a complete system for identifying technology opportunities. In the future, research on technology opportunities will shift from general technology to disruptive technology, from diversified research methods to standardized and unified research methods, and from a single dimensionality to a multi-level and systematic research perspective.