当代开放科学的演进趋势和发展启示

The Evolution of the Conceptual and Connotational Forms of Open Science*

摘要:

当代开放科学正在改变着科学研究的传统模式，成为全球科技发展与合作的重要趋向。通过对学术文献与政策文件的系统梳理，回顾了当代开放科学自20世纪末萌发阶段到2021年联合国《开放科学建议书》共识阶段的发展历程，分析开放科学的概念和内涵的演进过程。特别关注欧盟、美国与联合国等主要科技主体，着重探讨开放获取和开放数据两大支柱在开放科学运动中的作用，深化对开放科学定义的历史性理解。同时，以概念与内涵形式切入，探究开放科学发展经历的奠基时期、探索时期与合作时期，呈现出从科学界到国家层面对开放共享科研交流新范式的追求与倡议。展望我国科技建设与参与国际合作的未来方向，应从顶层设计规划、基础设施建设与评价体系改革等多个方面着力推进，把握开放科学发展机遇。

Abstract:

Contemporary open science is reshaping the traditional modes of scientific research, emerging as a significant trend in global technological development and collaboration. This paper, through a systematic review of academic literature and policy documents, looks back on the development of contemporary open science from its inception in the late 20th century to the consensus stage of the United Nations' Open Science Recommendation in 2021. It analyzes the evolution of the concept and content of open science, with a particular focus on major technological entities such as the European Union, the United States, and the United Nations. The discussion emphasizes the roles of open access and open data, the two pillars in the open science movement, and deepens the historical understanding of the definition of open science. Simultaneously, in the form of concepts and contents, the foundation period, exploration period and cooperation period of the development of open science are explored, presenting the pursuit and advocacy of a new paradigm of open sharing of scientific research exchanges from the scientific community to the national level. Looking forward to the future direction of my country's scientific and technological construction and participation in international cooperation, efforts should be made to promote it from multiple aspects such as top-level design planning, infrastructure construction and evaluation system reform, so as to seize the development opportunities of open science.