区域创新能力的时空演变、驱动因素与动力升级研究——以贵州县域为例

Spatial and temporal evolution, driving factors and power upgrading of regional innovation capability: A case study of Guizhou county

摘要:

创新是引领发展的第一动力。尤其是推动以县域为载体的创新能力建设，是促进社会发展的重要推动力。然而，现实却是各地区创新能力发展不平衡不充分，通常来说，西部县域的创新能力建设落后于东中部地区，实现西部县域创新能力的进步，对于全国地区的创新驱动发展战略的实行有着举足轻重的作用。贵州县域作为西部欠发达县域的典型代表，兼具城镇化质量发展较差、经济水平较为落后等特点，还具有典型的山地地区特征，其本土的喀斯特地貌面积占据贵州的73.6%，极具地方特色。贵州省政府为响应国家创新驱动发展战略的号召，提出了“坚持创新在现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技创新作为推动发展的战略支撑”，把创新能力建设作为促进贵州发展的重要推动力。但贵州县域创新能力的时空演变趋势、驱动创新能力的因素以及如何提升驱动力暂且未知？所以，本文以贵州2011—2021年间88个县域为研究对象，利用熵值法和层次分析法（AHP）构建衡量创新能力的综合指标体系，应用经济学和地理学的方法，研究贵州县域创新能力的时空演变趋势、驱动创新能力的因素以及如何提升驱动力。结果表明：第一，贵州创新能力在2011—2021年呈现出上升趋势并且存在空间相关性。第二，经济发展、金融发展、技术水平等要素可以显著驱动贵州县域创新能力。第三，贵州县域创新能力的驱动力发展和驱动力进步情况存在时空差异。进行四象限分类得出，“高-高”值象限的贵州县域数量最多。本文以贵州县域为研究对象，为实现西部县域创新能力提升提供了来自贵州县域的经验，以期为国家县域创新驱动战略发展提供来自贵州县域的西部智慧。

Abstract:

Innovation is the primary driving force for development. In particular, it is an important driving force for social development to promote the construction of innovation capacity based on the county. However, the reality is that the development of innovation capacity in various regions is unbalanced and insufficient. Generally speaking, the innovation capacity construction in western counties lags behind that in eastern and central regions. The progress of innovation capacity in western counties plays a pivotal role in the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy in the whole country. Guizhou county, as a typical representative of underdeveloped counties in western China, has the characteristics of poor urbanization quality development, relatively backward economic level, etc. It also has the characteristics of typical mountainous areas, and its local karst landform occupies 73.6% of Guizhou, which is very local characteristics. In response to the call of the national innovation-driven development strategy, the Guizhou provincial government has proposed to "adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall modernization construction, take scientific and technological innovation as the strategic support to promote development", and take innovation capacity building as an important driving force to promote the development of Guizhou. However, the spatial and temporal evolution trend of Guizhou county innovation ability, the factors driving innovation ability and how to improve the driving force are still unknown. Therefore, this paper takes 88 counties in Guizhou from 2011 to 2021 as the research object, uses entropy method and analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to build a comprehensive index system to measure innovation ability, and applies the methods of economics and geography to study the spatio-temporal evolution trend of innovation ability in Guizhou counties, the factors driving innovation ability, and how to improve the driving force. The results show that: First, Guizhou's innovation capability presents an upward trend and spatial correlation from 2011 to 2021. Secondly, factors such as economic development, financial development and technological level can significantly drive Guizhou's county innovation ability. Third, there are temporal and spatial differences in the driving force development and progress of county innovation capability in Guizhou. According to the four-quadrant classification, the number of Guizhou counties in the "high-high" quadrant is the largest. This paper takes Guizhou county as the research object, and provides the experience from Guizhou county for improving the innovation ability of western counties, in order to provide the western wisdom from Guizhou county for the development of national county innovation-driven strategy.