面向伦理治理的医疗人工智能研究：发展态势、热点议题与进阶前瞻

Research on AI4Health/Medicine with a Focus on Governance over ethics: Development Trends, Hot Topics, and Advanced Prospects

摘要:

近年来，医疗人工智能开始成为人工智能伦理及治理研究的热点领域，但国内学界对伦理研究实践转向的关注相对较低。为此，以医疗人工智能伦理治理作为研究主题，探索医疗人工智能伦理治理研究的知识基础与前沿主题。运用科学计量学方法，对Web of Science数据库中的310篇文献进行系统梳理和分析，展现国际医疗人工智能伦理治理研究领域的热点主题与知识基础，绘制医疗人工智能伦理治理研究的整体图景。研究发现：现有研究主要涉及医疗人工智能应循的伦理规制框架、医疗人工智能分殊领域的伦理风险和医疗人工智能伦理原则的实践性治理转向3个核心主题；知识基础主要涵盖医疗人工智能技术、医疗大数据与人工智能伦理和医疗人工智能伦理治理等三大模块；未来有关研究可能的进阶方向表现为治理框架的统筹与整合、新兴技术伦理治理的理论创新和伦理价值的塑造整合以及量化方法的强化。

Abstract:

In recent years, the rapid rise of AI4Health/Medicine applications has not only led a wave of technological innovation but has also naturally become a frontier in the study of AI ethics and governance. However, within the domestic academic community, there appears to be a relative lack of focus on transitioning the ethical research of AI4Health/Medicine from theoretical discussions to practical applications. In light of this, the present study centers on the critical issue of governance over ethics in AI4Health/Medicine, aiming to delve deeply into its knowledge base and cutting-edge developments to provide theoretical support for the construction of a more comprehensive governance over ethics framework. Employing scientometric methods, this research undertakes a comprehensive and systematic review and analysis of 310 carefully selected papers from the Web of Science database. The goal is to outline both the macro landscape and the micro-level details of international research on the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine. This process not only identifies the research hotspots and core issues within this field but also clearly delineates the structure and developmental trajectory of its knowledge system. The study reveals that current research on the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine primarily revolves around three core themes: first, the establishment of an ethical regulatory framework that AI4Health/Medicine should adhere to, aimed at defining the moral boundaries of technology application; second, the exploration of specific ethical risks that may arise in various subfields of AI4Health/Medicine (such as diagnosis, treatment, and care) and the corresponding strategies to address them; and third, the promotion of a profound shift from theoretical exploration to practical governance in AI4Health/Medicine ethics, emphasizing the operationality and effectiveness of ethical principles. Regarding the knowledge base, the research encompasses three key modules: the latest advancements in AI4Health/Medicine technology, the intersection and integration of medical big data and AI ethics, and the exploration of strategies and models for the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine. These modules are interwoven and mutually reinforcing, collectively forming a solid foundation for research in the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine. Looking ahead, research on the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine is expected to achieve breakthroughs in several areas: first, the strengthening of coordination and integration within governance frameworks to form a more systematic and comprehensive theoretical system for AI4Health/Medicine ethics; second, the promotion of theoretical innovation in the governance over ethics of emerging technologies, with an active application in the field of AI4Health/Medicine ethics; third, the deepening of ethical value shaping and integration, ensuring that the development of AI4Health/Medicine technology consistently serves human health and well-being; and fourth, the enhancement of the application of quantitative methods to improve the scientific rigor and precision of governance over ethics research. These advanced directions are poised to unlock greater innovative potential for research in the governance over ethics of AI4Health/Medicine, contributing to the creation of a more harmonious and sustainable AI-driven medical ecosystem.