大学生创新创业训练计划项目成果转化效率评价方法及提升路径

Evaluation Methods and Enhancement Paths for Transformation Efficiency of College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programme Project Achievements

摘要:

在“双创”背景下中国教育部实施的国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（以下简称“大创项目”）存在人力、物力和财力的有效投入不足以及项目成果孵化质量参差不齐的问题，且目前对大创项目实施效果的测度缺乏量化方法。大创项目成果转化效率是一个复杂系统，影响因素众多，因此构建大创项目成果转化效率量化评价方法，尝试运用组态视角打开大创项目成果转化的“黑箱”。以中国21个省份的大创项目为研究对象，利用三阶段数据包络分析模型，围绕大创项目立项数量、科技人力投入情况和基于大创项目结题所取得的成果，从投入与产出的角度分析大创项目的成果转化效率；同时，运用模糊集定性比较分析方法分析不同主体的组合对大创项目成果转化效率的影响。结果表明：环境和随机因素影响了综合技术效率，使得大创项目成果转化效率被低估，其中中西部地区高校学生参与大创项目的积极性更高；大创项目成果转化效率受政府支持、校企合作、众创空间、成果转化服务机构和国家大学科技园5个主体的协同影响，有4条路径引致高效率转化、3条路径引致非高效率转化，其中高校充分利用国家大学科技园这一载体和众创空间等创新创业服务平台，同时加大校企合作力度是实现大创项目高成果转化效率的关键，如果缺乏企业、众创空间、成果转化服务机构和国家大学科技园参与，就会导致政府资金导向不够、企业参与度不高，且众创空间和大学科技园发挥的孵化作用不强等问题，从而影响大创项目的成果转化效率。由此可知，单一的主体难以促成高水平大创项目成果转化效率，因此需要构建创新创业多元主体参与的项目训练支持体系，找到多元主体间利益契合点，平衡各方利益。

关键词:大学生创新创业训练计划项目;成果转化效率;效率评价;多元主体;三阶段数据包络分析;模糊集定性比较分析;“双创”

Abstract:

Under the background of “Entrepreneurship and Innovation”, the national college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program (SIETP) implemented by the Ministry of Education suffers from insufficient investment of manpower, material and financial resources, as well as uneven quality of the incubation results of the program, and the lack of quantitative methods to measure the effectiveness of SIETP. The efficiency of the transformation of the results of SIETP is a complex system with many influencing factors, so we constructed a quantitative evaluation method, and tried to open the black box of the transformation of the results of SIETP by applying the perspective of group configuration. Taking the SIETP in 21 regions as the research object, using the three-stage data envelopment analysis model, we analyze the results transformation efficiency of projects from the perspectives of inputs and outputs by focusing on the number of projects, the investment of scientific and technological manpower, and the achievements of the project. In the meanwhile, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is employed to conduct the influence of the combination of different subjects on the achievement transformation efficiency of project is investigated. The results show that: environmental and stochastic factors affect the comprehensive technical efficiency, which makes the transformation efficiency of the results of SIETP underestimated, in which the students of colleges and universities in the central and western regions are more motivated to participate in SIETP; the efficiency of the commercialization of the results of the project is affected by the synergy of five entities of government support, school-enterprise cooperation, maker spaces, achievement commercialization service institutions and national university science parks, and four paths leading to high-efficiency transformation, and three paths leading to non-high-efficiency transformation, in which universities make full use of the carrier of the national university science park and maker spaces, and at the same time, increase the cooperation between the university and enterprises is the key to achieve the high-efficiency results of the transformation of SIETP. If there is no participation of enterprises, maker spaces, achievement commercialization service institutions and national university science parks, it will lead to insufficient guidance of government funds, low participation of enterprises, and weak incubation roles of maker spaces and national university science parks, thus affecting the efficiency of the transformation of the results of SIETP. It is necessary to build a project training support system with the participation of multiple subjects in innovation and entrepreneurship, and balance the interests of all parties through determining the convergence of interests among multiple subjects.

Key words:college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program; achievement commercialization efficiency; efficiency evaluation; multiple subjects; three-stage DEA; fsQCA; “entrepreneurship and innovation”