试点政策扩散速度的影响因素与组态路径——基于创新型城市的定性比较分析

Influencing factors and configuration paths of pilot policies diffusion speed: Qualitative comparative analysis based on innovative cities

摘要:

中国创新型城市试点政策的执行过程实质上也是一种政策扩散的过程。为分析影响创新型城市试点政策扩散速度的因素，基于政策扩散和公共组织理论框架，选取已批准试点的中国97座创新型城市为研究对象，将城市试点获批准的时间作为试点政策扩散至该城市的时间，运用清晰集定性比较分析（csQCA）方法探索试点政策扩散速度的影响因素与组态路径。研究发现：包括创新资源在内的7个条件变量均无法作为实现创新型城市试点政策高速扩散的必要条件，但低行政级别是创新型城市试点政策非高速扩散的必要条件；实现创新型城市试点政策高速扩散的组态路径有7条，在本质上多呈现出内部驱动的特点；试点政策非高速扩散的组态路径有4条，均呈现出低行政级别指向性特征，表明在城市行政级别较低的情况下必然导致了试点政策的非高速扩散。因此，城市应根据自身优势把握发展方向，因地制宜制定和落实发展政策，同时充分关注个体、社会组织等的政策建议，推动创新型城市的建设。

Abstract:

The implementation of innovative city pilot policy in China presents a process of policy diffusion. In order to analyze the factors affecting the diffusion speed of pilot policies in innovative cities, this paper selects 97 innovative pilot cities in China based on the theoretical framework of policy diffusion and public organization. It uses the approval date of a city's pilot program as the starting point for policy diffusion in that city and applies the crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) method to explore the factors and configuration pathways influencing the speed of pilot policy diffusion. It discovers that none of the seven conditional variables, including innovation resources, can serve as a necessary condition for the high-speed diffusion of pilot policies in innovative cities. However, a low administrative level is a necessary condition for the non-high-speed diffusion of these policies. There are 7 configuration paths for the high-speed diffusion of pilot policies in innovative cities, which in essence are mostly internally driven in nature. 4 configuration paths are identified for the non-high-speed diffusion of pilot policies, all of which show a low administrative level orientation. This indicates that the low administrative level of the city will inevitably lead to the non-high-speed diffusion of pilot policies. Therefore, cities should grasp the development direction according to their own advantages, tailor the implementation policies adapting to local conditions. Besides, pay close attention to policy suggestions from individuals and social organizations to build innovative cities.