高校创新活动的组态效应对其科技创新绩效的影响

The effect of grouping effect of innovation activities of universities on their science and technology innovation performance

摘要:

高校作为科技创新的重要主体，其创新活动覆盖基础研究、应用研究、试验发展等多种类型，通过创新活动组合实现高校科技创新绩效的提升有助于高校的科技发展。以中国31个省份高校科技活动情况为样本，资源基础理论为基础，运用模糊集定性比较方法（fsQCA），探讨高校R&D活动中3种不同类型科技活动的人力投入和经费投入对高校科技创新产出的组合效应。研究发现：（1）存在单个影响高校科技创新绩效的必要条件，分别为应用研究投入人员、应用研究人员全时当量、基础研究经费内部支出；（2）高水平高校科技创新绩效存在3条驱动路径，分别为后端资源驱动创新型、经费主导下的前端资源驱动创新型和全要素资源驱动创新型。研究结果表明高校科技创新绩效是多条件的协同作用，不同条件的联动作用对于提高科技创新绩效的作用是相同的。高校应本着辩证的眼光看待创新活动投入与产出的复杂因果关系，投入关键性创新资源，同时加强各类主体合作，完善创新生态，持续提高创新能力。本次研究成果为高校基于自身优势提升科技创新绩效寻找最优方案或避免失败提供更多等效选择。

Abstract:

As an important main body of science and technology innovation, the innovation activities of colleges and universities cover a variety of types, such as basic research, applied research, experimental development, etc. Realizing the improvement of science and technology innovation performance of colleges and universities through the combination of innovation activities contributes to the scientific and technological development of colleges and universities. Taking the situation of S&T activities of universities in 31 provinces in China as a sample, and based on the resource-based theory, we use the fuzzy set qualitative comparison method (fsQCA) to explore the combination effect of the human and financial inputs of the three different types of S&T activities in the R&D activities of universities on the outputs of S&T innovation of universities. The study finds that (1) there exists a single necessary condition that affects the S&T innovation performance of colleges and universities, which are applied research input personnel, full-time equivalent of applied research personnel, and internal expenditures of basic research funding; and (2) there exist three driving paths for high-level S&T innovation performance of colleges and universities, which are back-end resource-driven innovation, front-end resource-driven innovation under funding dominance, and total factor resource-driven innovation. The results of the study show that the scientific and technological innovation performance of universities is a synergistic effect of multiple conditions, and the linkage effect of different conditions has the same effect on improving scientific and technological innovation performance.Universities should take a dialectical view of the complex causal relationship between inputs and outputs of innovation activities, invest key innovation resources, and at the same time strengthen the cooperation of all kinds of subjects, improve the innovation ecology, and improve the innovation capability continuously. The results of this research provide more equivalent choices for universities to find the optimal solution or avoid failures based on their own advantages to improve the performance of science and technology innovation.