德国女性科技人才培养动因、对策及对我国的启示

The Motivation and Countermeasures for Cultivating Female Scientific Technological Talents in Germany and Its Enlightenment to China

摘要:

德国产业结构以先进的机械制造业见长,且比其他经济体更加依赖MINT(数学、信息科学、自然科学与技术的缩写)专业人才。然而,德国存在人口老龄化、科技人才短缺、女性投入MINT领域的比例偏低等问题,亟需积极培养女性科技人才。为此,德国推出了“提高数理教学质量”计划、“中小学数字教育协定”、“德国学校奖”、“女生节”活动等多项政策,通过这些政策突出与强化了未来女性科技人才的培养。在分析德国女性科技人才培养动因、总结“工业4.0”战略下德国科技人才培养对策的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,从国家政策、社会法规和学校培育三个层面探讨德国经验对我国培养适应新时期发展需求的女性科技人才所带来的启示。

Abstract:

Germany"s industrial structure is known for its advanced machinery manufacturing industry and relies more on MINT (abbreviation for Mathematics, Information Science, Natural Science and Technology) professionals than other economies. However, Germany faces issues such as an aging population, a shortage of technological talents, and a low proportion of women"s investment in the MINT field, and there is an urgent need to active cultivate female technological talents. To this end, Germany has launched multiple policies such as the "Improving the Quality of Mathematical and Physical Education" plan, the "Digital Education Agreement for Primary and Secondary Schools", the "German School Awards", and the "Women"s Day" event, highlighting and strengthening the cultivation of future female scientific and technological talents through these policies. This paper first analyzes the motivations for cultivating female technology talents in Germany and summarizes the strategies for cultivating technology talents in Germany under the "Industry 4.0" strategy. Then, combines the actual situation in China and explores the inspiration brought by Germany"s experience in cultivating female scientific and technological talents who can adapt to the development needs of the new era from three aspects: national policies, social regulations, and school cultivation.