珠三角和成渝城市群创新效率的空间分布与影响因素分析

Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Innovation Efficiency in the Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomerations

摘要:

城市群是国家建设、区域经济发展的和高地，全面探讨城市群创新效率的差异，对缩小区域间的创新能力差距有重要的理论和实践意义。从动态视角研究国家级城市群创新效率，采用帕累托最优交叉效率模型，对2010－2020年珠三角城市群和成渝城市群的城市创新效率及其空间依赖性进行对比分析，并运用Tobit模型分析城市群创新效率影响因素。结果表明：珠三角城市群创新效率值呈现下降趋势，成渝城市群创新效率值呈现上升趋势，但总体上珠三角城市群创新能力仍优于成渝城市群创新能力；空间层面由于一体化政策实施和虹吸效应现象，Moran’s I指数都出现前正后负局面，表示空间位置的影响在逐步减弱。从影响因素来看，外商投资企业、人口密度、教育支出有显著正向影响，规模工业企业数、城镇职工养老保险有显著负向影响，生态环境因素对珠三角呈现负向影响，但是对成渝城市群无显著影响。综上所述，可以通过着力打造高地、填平洼地，以及制定因地制宜的政策，来提升城市群的城市创新能力。

Abstract:

City clusters are and high ground for national construction and regional economic development, and comprehensively exploring the differences in innovation efficiency of city clusters is of great theoretical and practical significance for narrowing the gap of innovation capacity between regions. To study the innovation efficiency of national-level city clusters from a dynamic perspective, we adopt the Pareto-optimal cross-efficiency model to comparatively analyze the urban innovation efficiency and its spatial dependence of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) city cluster and the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster from 2010 to 2020, and analyze the factors influencing the innovation efficiency of city clusters by using the Tobit model. The results show that: the value of innovation efficiency of the PRD city cluster shows a downward trend, and the value of innovation efficiency of the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster shows an upward trend, but in general, the innovation capacity of the PRD city cluster is still better than that of the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster; at the spatial level, due to the implementation of the integration policy and the phenomenon of the siphoning effect, the Moran's I Index both show a positive and then a negative situation, which indicates that the influence of spatial location has been Moran's I index is positive and then negative, indicating that the influence of spatial location is gradually weakening. In terms of influencing factors, foreign-invested enterprises, population density, education expenditure have significant positive influence, the number of large-scale industrial enterprises and urban workers' pension insurance have significant negative influence, and ecological and environmental factors have a negative influence on the Pearl River Delta, but have no significant influence on the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. To summarize, the urban innovation capacity of city clusters can be enhanced by focusing on creating highlands, filling in depressions and formulating locally adapted policies.