会聚视角下AI芯片领域关键核心 技术发展态势与突破路径研究

Research on the development frontier and breakthrough paths of Key Core Technology in the AI Chip Field from the Perspectives of Convergence

摘要:

关键核心技术的自主可控事关中国经济发展和国家科技安全命脉。从技术会聚的角度出发，识别AI芯片领域关键核心技术发展态势及其突破路径具有极为重要的价值。基于全球AI芯片领域发明专利，利用熵值法识别出关键核心技术，以网络分析方法对比发现，日本、美股、韩国和中国四国在关键核心技术会聚方面存在明显的异质性。在此基础上，挖掘出日本以“多产业用途、少量多品种需求驱动+跨技术部类融合+产业链上下游企业深度协同合作”实现关键核心技术突破；美国以“产业多领域共同发展+跨技术部改变类融合+产学研深度融合”方式实现关键核心技术突破；韩国则通过“部分优势产业牵引+技术内部类别融合+领军企业带动产业链”实现了突破。而中国尽在少数领域实现关键核心技术突破，其实现路径为“多领域蜻蜓点水式并行发展+技术内部类别松散融合+少数企业自主攻关”。研究结论启示中国在AI芯片领域，关键核心技术基础共性部分借鉴美国的突破路径，在已有优势产业方面借鉴韩国经验，为中国在AI芯片领域实现科技自主可控提供一定借鉴意义。

关键词:技术会聚;关键核心技术;AI芯片

Abstract:

The autonomous control of key core technologies is crucial for China’s economic development and national technological security. From the perspective of technological convergence, it has significant value to identifying the development frontier and breakthrough pathways of key core technology in the AI chip field. This paper utilizes a global analysis of AI chip domain invention patents and employs the entropy method to identify key core technologies. Then, this paper reveals noticeable heterogeneity in the convergence characteristics among Japan, the United States, South Korea, and China by a network analysis. Based on this foundation, this research indicates that Japan achieves breakthroughs in key core technologies through a strategy characterized by ‘driven by multi-industry applications with demand for small quantities and diverse varieties + cross technology category integration + deep collaboration among upstream and downstream companies in the industrial chain’. The United States follows a breakthrough method involving ‘common development across multiple industrial sectors + cross technology category integration + Industry- University-Institute innovation consortium’. South Korea’spathway to breakthrough involves ‘traction from partially advantageous industries + technology internal category integration + leading enterprises driving industry chain’. Meanwhile, China achieves breakthroughs in key core technologies in AI chip field through a strategy of ‘ parallel development in multiple fields through a scattered approach + loose integration of internal technology category + independent research and development by small number of enterprises’. These research findings offer valuable insights for China’s pursuit of breakthrough in key core technologies within the AI chip field. Specifically, in foundational common aspects, China can draw lessons from the United States, while leveraging South Korea’s breakthrough pathway in areas where it already possesses advantageous industries. This holds significant implications for China’s aspirations for technological independence and control in the AI chip domain.

Key words:technological convergence; key core technology; AI chip