生物领域重大科技计划决策机制与组织模式剖析

Analysis of decision-making mechanism and organizational model of major scientific and technological programs in biological field

摘要:

随着生物技术在国际经济竞争中的地位日益增加，世界主要国家生物技术创新与竞争日趋激烈，竞相实施关系国家竞争力的发展新战略。本文重点关注近五年来美国、欧盟、英国等主要国家和地区在生物领域设立的重大科技计划，对美国和英国的两个典型计划进行深入剖析，从决策与管理机制、资助模式、评价与保障机制、产学研合作机制等方面总结了全球生物领域重大科技计划的特点，并结合我国生物经济面临的起步晚、科研基础薄弱、创新不足、产业发展慢等问题，提出如下建议:1）强化组织结构，完善战略部署；2）推动开放科学，促进数据共享；3）增强人才队伍，优化科技力量；4）聚焦关键技术，推动自主创新；5）培育产业主体，拓宽应用场景，以期为我国生物领域设计部署战略性科学计划提供参考。

Abstract:

With the increasing status of biotechnology in international economic competition, biotechnology innovation and competition in major countries around the world have become increasingly intense, competing to implement new development strategies related to national competitiveness. This paper focuses on the major scientific and technological programs set up by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and other major countries and regions in the field of biotechnology in the past five years, and conducts an in-depth analysis of two typical programs in the United States and the United Kingdom. Summarized the characteristics of global major science programs in biological from aspects of decision-making and management mechanism, funding mode, evaluation and guarantee mechanism, industry-university-research cooperation mechanism. Combined with the late start of China"s bio-economy, weak scientific research foundation, insufficient innovation, and slow industrial development, putting forward the following suggestions: 1) strengthen the organizational structure and improve the strategic deployment; 2) promoting open science and data sharing; 3) enhancing the talent team and optimize the scientific and technological power; 4) focus on key technologies and promote independent innovation; 5) cultivating the main body of the industry and broaden the application scenarios. The purpose is to provide a reference for the design and deployment of strategic scientific programs in China"s biological field.