海上运输碳排放量与碳减排建议——以进口水果运输为例

Maritime transport carbon emissions and carbon reduction proposals- Taking imported fruit transportation as an example

摘要:

切实有效减少碳排放已成为全球关注焦点，而进口水果涉及海上运输环节，消费者购买进口水果会比购买本地水果增加碳排放。为探究进口水果海上运输产生的碳排放，实证分析从菲律宾、美国、南非、瑞典、泰国、新西兰、意大利、印度尼西亚、越南、智利10个国家购买1 kg水果，通过海上运输到中国上海港、广州港分别所产生的碳排放量。结果显示：菲律宾马尼拉港到中国广州港产生的CO2最少，为30 g；从瑞典斯德哥尔摩港口到中国上海港产生的CO2最多，为660 g；以植树造林来抵消2019年中国因购买进口水果而产生的碳排放，最少需要种植20 853 hm的竹林，而以购买低碳亚洲有限公司的水力或生物能碳配额来抵消因此产生的碳排放，则需要花费4 821万元。因此，应建立碳标签制度，告知消费者购买商品碳排放量，推进全球碳足迹核算标准互认机制，推动消费者为实现“双碳”目标贡献力量。

Abstract:

Effectively reducing carbon emissions has become a global priority, and the maritime transportation of imported fruits contributes significantly to carbon emissions. Consumers who purchase imported fruits generate higher carbon emissions compared to choosing locally sourced options. To assess the carbon emissions, this study analyzes the carbon emissions associated with transporting 1 kg of fruits from 10 countries, namely the Philippines, the United States, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, New Zealand, Italy, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Chile, to Shanghai Port and Guangzhou Port in China. The findings reveal that the CO2 emissions from shipping fruits from Manila Port in the Philippines to Guangzhou Port in China are the lowest, at 30 g per kilogram, while emissions from Stockholm Port in Sweden to Shanghai Port are the highest, at 660 g per kilogram. In 2019, to offset the carbon emissions generated by China's import of fruits through afforestation, a minimum of 20 853 hectares of bamboo forests would need to be planted. Alternatively, offsetting these emissions by purchasing hydraulic or bioenergy carbon quotas from Low Carbon Asia Limited would cost 48.21 million yuan. To address these challenges, implementing a carbon labeling system is recommended. Such a system would inform consumers about the carbon emissions associated with their purchases, facilitate the mutual recognition of global carbon footprint accounting standards, and encourage public participation in achieving the "dual carbon" goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.