环境规制对建筑业节能减排的影响机制分析 ——以低碳试点政策与碳排放权交易试点政策为例

Analysis of the Impact Mechanism of Environmental Regulation on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Low-Carbon Pilot Policies and Carbon Emission Trading Pilot Policies

摘要:

科学地评估环境规制对建筑业的节能减排效应对实现中国“双碳”目标意义重大，低碳试点政策与碳排放权交易试点政策是中国应对气候变化、减少温室气体排放的重要政策工具。本文基于2005-2018年中国各区域建筑业全生命周期碳排放及绿色能源效率等指标，通过双重差分模型实证检验了环境规制对建筑业的节能减排效应，同时还探究了环境规制对中国建筑业节能效应的空间溢出效应，并通过了一系列稳健性检验。研究表明：中国环境规制对建筑业有显著的节能效应，对建筑业的减排效应不显著；低碳试点政策对邻近地区全生命周期绿色能源效率存在显著正向空间溢出效应；异质性分析结果表明环境规制对建筑业全生命周期绿色能源效率的正向显著作用主要集中在建筑业发展水平高、建筑产业占比高及建筑业全生命周期碳排放量高的地区。基于研究发现，提出建议：借鉴试点地区的成功经验推广其他城市；利用试点政策的空间溢出效应推动周边地区人才和资源共享；环境规制应根据试点地区不同特性制定差异化的实施方案。

Abstract:

Scientifically assessing the effect of environmental regulation on energy conservation and emissions reduction in the construction industry is of great significance to realize the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality " goals in China. The low-carbon pilot policy (LCP) and the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CTP) are important policy tools for addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper empirically examines the energy conservation and emission reduction effects of environmental regulation in the construction industry using a difference-in-difference (DID) model, based on indicators of carbon emission (CE) and green energy efficiency (GEE) in various regions of China from 2005 to 2018. This paper also explores the spatial spillover effects of environmental regulation on energy conservation in the Chinese construction industry and conducts a series of robustness checks. The results show that China's environmental regulation has significant energy conservation effect on the construction industry, but has no significant emission reduction effect on the construction industry. The LCP has a significant positive spatial spillover effect on the GEE in neighboring areas. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the significant positive effect of environmental regulation on the GEE of the construction industry is mainly concentrated in the areas with high development level of the construction industry, high proportion of the construction industry and high carbon emissions of the construction industry. Based on the above findings, it is recommended to draw on the successful experiences of pilot areas to promote similar initiatives in other cities; leverage the spatial spillover effects of pilot policies to facilitate talent and resource sharing in surrounding areas; and develop differentiated implementation plans for environmental regulations tailored to the specific characteristics of different pilot regions.