大科学装置科学效益的测度体系构建与差异评价

The Construction of Measurement System and the Differential Evaluation of the Scientific Benefits of Large-Scale Scientific Facilities

摘要:

大科学装置是现代科学技术诸多领域取得重大突破的必要条件，大科学装置的簇生促进了更广泛的科研开放共享与国际合作。大科学装置的科学效益一直以来都是国家高度重视的议题，但目前相关研究相对较少，也仍未有研究分析国际合作程度对大科学装置科学效益的影响。为此，聚焦不同规模和不同国际合作程度的大科学装置，构建大科学装置的科学效益评价指标体系，综合大科学装置产出能力、受资助能力、学科发展能力、国际合作能力4个维度，具体分析欧洲同步辐射光源（ESRF）、英国“钻石”同步辐射光源（DIAMOND）、美国先进光子源（APS）、美国直线加速器相干光源（LCLS）、美国国家点火设施（NIF）5个大科学装置的科学效益；在此基础上，增加国家的主导能力这一维度分析几个主要国家的科学效益。结果发现：大科学装置的多边合作率越高，其科学效益不一定越高，唯有适度的国际合作更容易提高其科学效益；大型科学装置比小型科学装置的科学效益更高；大科学装置所在国的科学效益大多高于装置非所在国的科学效益，但对于多边合作较多的大科学装置，装置所在国的科学效益并非显著高于其他国家。基于此，提出中国通过加大参与国际合作力度、吸取国外大科学装置的建设和运行经验、形成高度集成的国际联合集群等建议，推动以中国为主导的大科学装置的建设、国际合作以及开放共享。

Abstract:

As scientific goals become more ambitious and the demands of scientific development grow, large-scale scientific facilities have become essential for achieving major breakthroughs across many fields of modern science and technology. These facilities have driven the trend towards open sharing and international cooperation, fostering innovative research and promoting technological advancements. The scientific benefits of large-scale scientific facilities have long been a topic of high importance for the nation. However, related research is relatively limited, and there are still no studies analyzing the impact of the degree of international cooperation on the scientific benefits of these facilities. To address this, this study focuses on large scientific facilities of varying scales and degrees of international collaboration, analyzing their scientific benefits to provide insights for the construction and international cooperation of large scientific facilities in China. The study develops an evaluation index system to assess the scientific benefits of large scientific facilities and applies it to five facilities: the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), DIAMOND, Advanced Photon Source (APS), Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), and the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the USA. These facilities are analyzed through four dimensions: output capacity, funding capability, subject development potential, and international cooperation. Additionally, the study incorporates the dimension of national leadership to assess the scientific benefits at a national level. The findings reveal that while higher levels of multilateral cooperation in large scientific facilities do not always correlate with increased scientific benefits, moderate international collaboration tends to enhance these benefits. Large-scale scientific facilities generally yield higher scientific benefits than smaller ones. Furthermore, the scientific benefits for the host countries of these facilities are typically greater than for other countries, though for facilities with extensive multilateral cooperation, this advantage is less pronounced. Based on these insights, five recommendations are proposed for the development of large scientific facilities in China: (1) enhance support for international collaboration and diversify cooperation models; (2) clearly define the goals of facility construction and prioritize education in fundamental disciplines; (3) foster leadership by China in international cooperation for mutually beneficial outcomes; (4) expedite the development of open and shared platforms for China’s scientific facilities to showcase its scientific and technological strengths;(5) strategically plan the creation of highly integrated international clusters to promote the construction, cooperation, and open sharing of China-led large-scale scientific facilities.