中美企业R&D管理模式对比及启示

R&D Management Comparison between US and Chinese Enterprises

摘要:

与欧美科技强国的企业相比，中国企业的创新能力仍存在明显不足。在加大R&D投入和对标世界一流成为普遍共识的大背景下，准确理解创新与R&D之间内在联动机制尤为关键。为此，本文首先对创新的本质属性以及其与R&D的关系进行了深入讨论，提出企业直接参与各类R&D活动是持续保持核心竞争力的关键。在此基础上，从多个维度对中美企业R&D活动进行了比较分析，发现美国企业研发投入、研发强度、全国占比等方面优势明显，R&D三种类型活动更加均衡。最后，从增加政府直接投入、制订收税优惠政策、借鉴标杆最佳实践等方面，提出了增强中国企业创新能力的对策建议。

Abstract:

There is widespread agreement that increasing R&D generally is critical to improve the innovation capability of Chinese enterprises. The pathways from R&D to innovation, however, is a more ambiguous question. To make it clear, this study, first, explores mechanisms linking R&D and innovation, and it indicates that striking a balance among basic research, applied research and experimental development is necessary for enterprises to build sustainable competitive advantages. Second, a systematic comparison of R&D management between US and Chinese enterprises is conducted. The results show that US enterprises have significant advantages in R&D investment, R&D intensity and the share of R&D in national system. The share of different R&D activities of US enterprises is more balanced. Finally, some suggestions are put forward, and special attention should be paid to government funding support to enterprises, preferential tax policies, and benchmarking best practices.