中国国家战略科技力量的运行模式、分布及发展趋势

The operational model, distribution, and development trends of China's National Strategic Scientific and Technological Force

摘要:

国家战略科技力量体现国家意志、服务国家需求、代表国家水平，是推动科技创新、引领未来产业发展的核心动力，也是参与世界科技竞争的关键力量。结合中国现有政策和国家战略科技力量建设现状，认为国家战略科技力量由战略性科技平台、国家重大科技基础设施和战略性科技人才构成。使用B样条基函数拟合国家战略科技力量重要组成部分的综合创新能力指标曲线，分析国家战略科技力量发展趋势。研究表明：国家战略科技力量以战略科技平台为载体，以战略科技活动为目的，战略人力资源是引领者，战略组织结构呈现出“小核心、大网络”特征；中国国家战略科技力量在区域布局和梯次联动、基础研究领域、企业参与国家重大科技基础设施，以及顶尖科技人才培养等方面仍有较大进步空间；与高校和科研院所相比较，科技领军企业的综合创新能力指标呈现指数型增长趋势；科技领军企业的模仿创新能力突出，但其技术需求与国内科教和科研成果产出不匹配。基于此，从支持区域科技创新中心改善区域布局，由科技领军企业引领基础研发投入增强基础研究，以及持续培养和引进科技领军人才等三方面视角提出强化国家战略科技力量的建议。

Abstract:

The National Strategic Scientific and Technological Force has a high mission orientation, with a novel organizational model that can embody national will, serve national needs, and represent the country's level of technological capability. The National Strategic Scientific and Technological Force is the central driving force for promoting technological innovation and guiding future industrial development. And it is a key force in participating in global technological competition. Combining the existing policies and the current situation of the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, and trying to use the B-spline basis function to fit the comprehensive innovation capability index curve of the major components of national strategic scientific and technological forces, the study shows as follows: (1) National strategic scientific and technological forces take the strategic scientific and technological platforms as the carriers, the strategic scientific and technological activities as the purpose, the strategic human resources as the leaders, and the strategic organizational structure presents the characteristics of "small core, big network". (2) China's national strategic S&T forces still have much room for progress in regional layout and hierarchical linkage, basic research areas, enterprise participation in national key S&T infrastructure, and the cultivation of top S&T talents. (3) Compared with universities and research institutes, the comprehensive innovation capability indicators of technology leading enterprises show an exponential growth trend. The partial fluctuation of the fitted curve can indicate, on the one hand, that the imitative innovation capability of technology leading enterprises is outstanding. On the other hand, it also indicates that there is a mismatch between the technology demand of l technology leading enterprises and the output of domestic science and education and scientific research achievements. Finally, based on the findings of the study, suggestions are made to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological power from the perspectives of supporting regional scientific and technological innovation centers to improve the regional layout, enhancing basic research by leading scientific and technological enterprises leading basic R&D investment, and continuing to cultivate and introduce scientific and technological leading talents.