我国制造业关键核心技术缺失成因与分类突破模式研究

Study on causes of absence and classified breakthrough modes of key core technologies in Chinese manufacturing industries

摘要:

中国制造业目前正面临“内部自主创新不足”和“外部技术垄断封锁”的双重困境。大量关键核心技术严重缺失,传统创新模式在中国制造业中不起作用,这要求深入分析其成因,设计新的创新突破模式。在回顾现有关键核心技术研究的基础上,将我国制造业关键核心技术的发展现状与国外进行了比较,发现我国制造业关键核心技术的缺失状况有两种表现形式。通过对制造业关键核心技术缺失现状的分析,将制造业关键核心技术分为关键共性技术、前沿技术和重大战略技术三类,其缺失的主要原因是主体错位、路径依赖和资源错配。最后,针对中国制造业的三类关键核心技术提出了具体适用的创新突破模式:关键共性技术突破采用“螺旋递进”模式,前沿技术突破采用“丛林竞争”模式,重大战略技术突破采用“主局布控”模式。研究结论为我国制造业在关键核心技术上的突破提供了依据。

Abstract:

The Chinese manufacturing industry now is facing the double embarrassment of “internal independent innovation deficiency” and “external technology monopoly blockade”. A large number of key core technologies are critical missing and the traditional innovation modes does not work in the Chinese manufacturing industry, which calls us to deeply investigate its causes and design novel innovation breakthrough modes. Based on reviewing the existing research on key core technologies, this paper identifies the status quo of key core technologies development of Chinese manufacturing industry with the abroad, finding that the absence status of key core technologies in our manufacturing industry includes two forms. With the help of the analysis of the current situations of the lack of key core technologies, we divide the key core technologies in the manufacturing industry into three types: key generic technologies, cutting-edge technologies and major strategic technologies, and the main causes of absence are the dislocation of the subjects, path dependence, and the misallocation of resources correspondingly. Finally, the paper puts forward specific suitable innovation breakthrough modes for three types of key core technologies in the Chinese manufacturing industry. They are the “Spiral Progressive” mode for key generic technologies breakthroughs, the “Jungle Competition” mode for cutting-edge technologies breakthroughs, and the “Main Layout” mode for major strategic technologies breakthroughs. The conclusions provide references for the Chinese manufacturing industry to make breakthroughs in key core technologies according to the different categories.