“制造美国”计划的管理机制、特点和启示

The Management Mechanism, Characteristics, and Inspiration of Manufacturing USA Program

摘要:

制造技术研发成为各国高科技产业竞争的重点，“制造美国”计划的管理机制较为完备，可为中国提供有益启示。在组织管理方面，该计划形成从上到下的四层管理架构，确保国家战略目标的有效落实，从白宫到先进制造国家项目办公室到创新研究所所长委员会及相关政府部门对各创新研究所的指导、监督。在绩效管理方面，形成了创新研究所对资助国会、商务部对国会的强制报告制度，以及国会政府问责局和第三方机构的外部评估机制，先进制造国家项目办公室和对创新研究所提供资金资助的政府部门会制定研究所的绩效评价指标和可持续性指标。在实施管理方面，“制造美国”计划具备全政府、举国参与和注重创新生态建设的管理特点。中国的制造业创新中心与美国的制造业创新研究所类似，可借鉴其上下贯通的协调管理经验，改进运营管理模式，优化绩效评价机制，推动科技创新和产业创新融合发展，促进制造强国建设。

Abstract:

The financial crisis in 2008 exposed the industry hollowing, then the American government began to promote the re-industrialization strategy. One of the important plans was "Made USA", which focused on bridging the gap between basic technology research and practical application. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the plan, the US government has established a systematic management framework. The management me-chanism can provide useful inspiration for China's construction of powerful manufacturing co-untry. In terms of organizational management, the program has formed a four-level man-agement structure from top to bottom to ensure the effective implementation of national strategic goals. In terms of performance management, the manufacturing innovation institutes should provide regular reports to its funding agency and Manufacturing USA is mandated to provide an Annual Report to Congress. The Government Accountability Office is responsible for assessing the Manufacturing USA progam, sometimes third-party organizationswill also evaluate the plan.In terms of enforcement management the "Manufacturing USA"Program has the characteristics of whole-government, national participation and emphasis on the construction of an innovation ecosystem. Drawing on the experience of the United States, the construction of China's manufacturing innovation center needs to improve organizational management, optimize performance evaluation mechanisms and enforcement management.