科技创新对区域经济发展的影响机制分析 ——基于粤港澳大湾区面板数据的实证检验

Analysis of the Impact Mechanism of Technological Innovation on Regional Economic Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

摘要:

科技创新是形成新质生产力的关键因素，以科技创新实现技术要素升级、推动产业结构变革是创新驱动兼具内生和外在转变的过程，对区域经济发展具有重要影响。粤港澳大湾区是中国建设全球科技创新高地的关键区域，也是现阶段区域经济发展的关键极点，探究粤港澳大湾区科技创新与区域经济发展的影响关系，具有充分发挥大湾区引领效应的现实意义。基于2016－2021年粤港澳大湾区城市面板数据，首先建立一个评价指标体系，实证评价大湾区科技科技创新水平，其次综合运用空间计量模型和中介效应模型，检验分析科技创新对区域经济发展的直接影响、溢出效应以及影响机制。研究结果表明：科技创新与区域经济发展存在正向相关关系；粤港澳大湾区科技创新水平内部差距较大，经济发展具有空间集聚特征，科技创新对经济发展产生了空间溢出效应，但对本市的直接影响大于对邻市的溢出效应；在影响机制方面，科技创新可以通过推动产业技术升级和产业结构转型两条路径促进区域经济发展。基于此，本研究提出重视提升科技创新的经济效益、扩大科技创新的溢出效应和完善科技创新的传到路径的政策建议。

Abstract:

As a crucial factor in forming new quality productive forces, technological innovation is a process that achieving technological element upgrades and promoting industrial structure transformation where innovation-driven development shifts from endogenous to exogenous. Both aspects have significant impacts on regional economic development. Nowadays, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a crucial region for China to build a global highland of technological innovation and as a key pole of regional economic development. Investigating the impact relationship between technological innovation and regional economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was to gain practical significance for leveraging its leading effect. Based on the panel data of cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2016 to 2021, a comprehensive evaluation index system was originally established to empirically evaluate the level of technological innovation in the Greater Bay Area. Secondly, spatial econometric models and mediation effect models were used to test and analyze the direct impact, spillover effects, and influencing mechanisms of technological innovation on regional economic development. The research results indicates that there is a positive correlation between technological innovation and regional economic development. There is a significant internal disparity in technological innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and economic development exhibits spatial agglomeration characteristics. Technological innovation has generated spatial spillover effects on economic development, but its direct impact on the city is greater than the spillover effect on neighboring cities. In terms of influencing mechanisms, technological innovation can enhance the level of regional economic development through two pathways: upgrading industrial technology and promoting industrial structure transformation. In light of this, this paper proposes political optimization strategies to promote the economic benefits of technological innovation, expand the spillover effects of technological innovation, and improve the impact path of technological innovation.