中国高水平实验室体系建设的现状、问题与优化路径

The current situation, problems and optimization paths of the construction of high-level laboratory system in China

摘要:

高水平实验室作为促进国家技术创新和产业升级的重要基地，是国家实现科技创新和国家发展的重要举措。为进一步推进和完善中国高水平实验室体系建设，本文基于建设高水平实验室、培养一流科研人才的重要性角度，阐述中国高水平实验室体系建设的现状以及中国高水平实验室体系建设存在的问题。汇总有关资料后发现，以教育部、中国科学院和高校为主管的中国高水平实验室占比超过90%，社会力量参与严重不足；同时各省份在同一领域重复建设实验室的现象普遍；此外，存在核心技术攻关不足、有组织科研团队缺乏、科研成果转化力量薄弱等问题。本文通过回顾梳理世界主要发达国家建设高水平实验室的经验做法和中国高水平实验室体系建设的保障机制，由此提出强化顶层设计、打造高水平研究团队、加强科研协作、强化核心技术攻关、统筹有组织科研团队等具体政策建议。

Abstract:

High-level laboratories, as important bases for promoting national technological innovation and industrial upgrading, are an important measure for the state to scientific and technological innovation and national development. In order to further promote and improve the construction of China's high-level laboratory system, this article, based on the importance of high-level laboratories and training first-class scientific research talents, expounds the current situation of the construction of China's high-level laboratory system and the problems existing in the construction China's high-level laboratory system. After summarizing the relevant information, it is found that the proportion of China's high-level laboratories managed by the Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities exceeds 90%, and the participation of social forces is seriously insufficient; at the same time, the phenomenon of repeated construction of in the same field in various provinces is common; in addition, there are problems such as insufficient core technology research and development, lack of organized scientific research teams, and scientific research achievements transformation. This article proposes specific policy recommendations such as strengthening top-level design, building high-level research teams, strengthening scientific research collaboration, strengthening core technology research development, and coordinating organized scientific research teams by reviewing and sorting out the experience and practices of the world's major developed countries in building high-level laboratories and the guarantee mechanism the construction of China's high-level laboratory system.