全球研发投入2 500强中国企业聚集强度影响因素及其作用机制

The Influencing Factors and Mechanisms of Agglomeration Intensity in

摘要:

研究全球研发投入2 500强中国企业的经费投入影响因素有助于揭示企业战略和决策的动因，从而为企业管理和政策制定提供理论支持。以欧盟委员会发布的全球研发投入2 500强中国企业作为样本，运用首位度、基尼系数、全局空间自相关、局部空间自相关、核密度、时空地理加权回归（GTWR）模型等指标和模型，分别从人员和经费两方面探讨全球研发投入2 500强中国企业的失控分布特征；进一步地，研究政府支持、研发环境、人均生产总值和交通条件对研发投入和企业聚集强度之间的作用机制。研究发现：全球研发投入2 500强中国企业呈现出“东南多、西北少”的典型特征；R&D研发经费集中在少数高投入的领域或机构中，而研发人员的空间聚集性较强，存在一定集聚现象；政府R&D经费内部支出与研究与开发机构数为影响样本企业数量的主导影响因子。为此，政府需要关注集聚过程中可能导致的人才和资源不均衡分布问题，鼓励企业加强对研发人员的培训与支持，提高其整体素质和分布均衡性。

Abstract:

Investigating the factors influencing funding allocations in the top 2,500 Chinese enterprises involved in global research and development (R&D) expenditures significantly reveals the underlying motivations behind corporate strategies and decision-making processes, thereby providing theoretical support for enterprise management and policy formulation. Utilizing the sample of the top 2,500 Chinese firms in global R&D investment as published by the European Commission, this study employs various advanced metrics and models—including degree centrality, Gini coefficient, global spatial autocorrelation, local spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR)—to explore the characteristics of the uncontrolled distribution of R&D investments from both personnel and funding perspectives. Furthermore, it delves into how government support, the R&D environment, per capita GDP, and transportation conditions impact the intensity of R&D investment and the degree of corporate aggregation.The study reveals that Chinese enterprises among the global top 2,500 in R&D expenditures exhibit a distinct pattern of "more in the southeast, fewer in the northwest." R&D funding is concentrated in a small number of high-investment fields or institutions, while the spatial clustering of R&D personnel is more pronounced, indicating a certain degree of agglomeration. Government R&D internal expenditures and the number of research institutions are the primary factors influencing the number of sample enterprises. Therefore, the government must address potential issues of uneven distribution of talent and resources that may arise from this clustering, and encourage enterprises to strengthen the training and support of R&D personnel to improve their overall quality and promote a more balanced distribution.