中国高技术产业全球价值链地位测度研究

Research on the status of China"s High-tech industry in the global value chain

摘要:

随着经济全球化的发展，国际分工体系已经步入全球价值链阶段，由于高技术产业生产的复杂化、精细化和模块化使得其更加适配全球价值链的国际分工体系，同时高技术产业是维护国家安全、带动经济发展的重要领域，在经济全球化发展不确定性增强的环境下，对中国高技术产业全球价值链地位进行客观判断是十分必要的。本文选取OECD-TiVA提供的世界投入产出表，采用王直贸易增加值核算法（WWZ）对1995——2020年间中国高技术产业全球价值链地位进行测度与分析。结果表明：中国高技术产业全球价值链地位不高，虽然有所提升但仅限于中低端环节，具体从全球价值链参与程度和全球价值链参与位置方面来看，二者分别呈现“先升后降”和“先降后升”的变化特征。上述现状的主要原因是中国高技术产业嵌入全球价值链的国际分工体系的方式由原材料等初级产品供应向最终产品组装加工再向中间产品供应转变，总体上中国高技术产业全球价值链参与方式以后向参与为主。

关键词:高技术产业;全球价值链地位;贸易增加值

Abstract:

With the development of economic globalization, the international division of labor system has entered the stage of global value chain. Due to the complexity, refinement and modularity of high-tech industry production, it is more suitable for the international division of labor system of global value chain. At the same time, high-tech industry is an important field to safeguard national security and drive economic development. It is necessary to objectively estimate the position of China's high-tech industry in the global value chain. This paper selects the world input-output table provided by OECD-TiVA and uses Wang Zhi’s trade value added accounting method (WWZ) to measure and analyze the position of China's high-tech industry in the global value chain from 1995 to 2020. The results show that the status of China's high-tech industry in the global value chain is not high. Although it has improved, it is only limited to the middle and low-end links. Specifically, from the perspectives of the participation degree and participation position of the global value chain, they present the changing characteristics of "firstly rise and then fall" and "firstly fall and then rise" respectively. The main reason for the above status is that the way China's high-tech industry embedded in the international division of labor system of the global value chain has changed from the supply of raw materials and other primary products to the assembly and processing of final products and then to the supply of intermediate products. In general, the participation mode of China's high-tech industry in the global value chain has become backward participation.

Key words:High-tech industry ; Global Value Chain Position ; Value added of trade