高校女性科技人才职业发展：研究综述与未来展望

Career Development of Female Technological Talents in Universities:A Review of Research and Future Prospects

摘要:

为更好促进女性科技人才在科技事业中发挥作用，学术界针对高校女性科技人才展开较为丰富研究。以职业生涯发展阶段理论为切入视角，从职业发展现状、影响因素、支持策略、理论视角4个维度，基于 2013年到2023 年发表的27篇中文文献和173篇英文文献，回顾学术界对高校女性科技人才的研究现状，以期为中国学界研究高校女性科技人才职业发展提供理论与实践参考。结果发现：国际学者们对高校女性科技人才给予了更多关注，研究起步更早，文献更为丰富；有关研究在研究对象、研究内容和研究视角等方面存在着局限性，包括较少关注人文与社会科学领域中部分与科学及技术知识的产生、促进、传播和应用密切相关专业领域的女性科技人才，以及对女性科技人才自身可发挥的能动性分析较少等。未来中国学术研究应拓展研究视野，关注多元主体，融合多层次视角，助力改善高校女性科技人才面临的性别比例失衡、缺乏榜样支持、工作和家庭责任冲突等职业困境，进一步为女性科技人才职业发展赋能，更好地促进女性科技人才在科技创新中发挥更大作用。

Abstract:

The role of female scientific talents in driving innovation has gained increasing global attention in the context of national competition for talent. However, this group faces challenges such as lower professional ranks, fewer leading scientists, and weaker research output. Supporting their professional growth helps unleash their potential, enabling them to make greater contributions to scientific endeavors. Adopting the career development stage theory as the analytical framework, this study systematically reviews domestic and international research on the career development of female scientific talents in higher education institutions over the past decade (2013–2023). By analyzing 27 Chinese-language papers and 173 English-language papers, this study examines research findings related to early- and mid-career female scientific talents in higher education from four dimensions: career development status, influencing factors, support strategies, and theoretical perspectives. The goal is to provide theoretical and practical insights for Chinese academia to address the challenges faced by female scientific talents in higher education institutions. The results show that international scholars have devoted more attention to the career development of female scientific talents in higher education, with research beginning earlier and exhibiting greater diversity. However, limitations exist in research focus, content, and perspectives. These include insufficient attention to female scientific talents in fields within the humanities and social sciences closely related to the generation, promotion, dissemination, and application of scientific and technical knowledge, as well as limited exploration of their agency in overcoming career challenges. Domestically, Chinese research remains in the early stages, with a relatively small body of literature. Scholars in China primarily focus on career difficulties and propose strategies, often adopting a gender perspective. Future research in China should broaden its scope by (1) focusing on female scientific talents across different disciplines and career stages, especially in the humanities and social sciences, (2) integrating macro-, meso-, and micro-level perspectives to understand how social, organizational, and personal factors interact to influence career development, and (3) constructing theoretical paradigms tailored to the Chinese context by incorporating localized empirical data and cultural characteristics. Such efforts can help mitigate the gender imbalance, lack of role models, and work-family conflicts faced by female scientific talents in academia, enabling them to make greater contributions to scientific and technological innovation.