博士生科研意愿的影响因素及形成机制 ——基于扎根理论的质性研究

The influencing factors and formation mechanism of doctoral students' research willingness ——Qualitative research based on grounded theory

摘要:

学术环境、组织环境和制度环境在发展变革过程中面临诸多挑战，导致博士生实施科研行为的意愿不高。为探究影响博士生科科研意愿的因素及其作用机制，基于7所高校的15博士生和5位博士生导师的访谈文本，运用扎根理论的编码技术提取出主体偏好、收获与压力预期、能力与任务匹配、导师嵌入、科研环境5个核心影响要素，并基于此构建博士生科研意愿形成机制的理论模型。结果表明：收获与压力预期、能力与任务匹配共同反映了博士生对科研的价值权衡，直接影响其科研意愿；导师嵌入不仅直接影响博士生的科研意愿，还调节价值权衡与科研意愿两者之间的关系；由主体偏好和科研环境共同构成科研内外部情境一方面通过影响价值权衡间接作用于博士生科研意愿，另一方面在价值权衡与科研意愿的关系中起到调节作用。基于研究结果，建议从增强博士生科研认同感、完善博士生科研制度、发挥导师的领头羊作用、营造良好的科研环境四方面提高博士生科研意愿。

Abstract:

The academic environment, organizational environment, and institutional environment face many challenges in the process of development and change, which leads to a low willingness of doctoral students to carry out scientific research activities. To explore the factors and mechanisms that affect the willingness of doctoral students to engage in scientific research, based on interview texts and coding techniques, this paper extracted five core influencing factors: subject preferences, expected rewards and stress, ability task matching, supervisor embedding, and research environment and constructed a theoretical model of the formation mechanism of doctoral students' scientific research willingness. The results indicate that the expected rewards and stress, as well as the matching of abilities and tasks, collectively reflect the value balance of doctoral students in scientific research, directly affecting their willingness to conduct research; Mentor embedding not only directly affects the research willingness of doctoral students, but also regulates the relationship between value balancing and research willingness; The internal and external context of scientific research is composed of subject preferences and research environment. On one hand, it indirectly affects the willingness of doctoral students to conduct research by influencing value trade-offs. On the other hand, it plays a moderating role in the relationship between value trade-offs and research willingness. Based on the research results, it is recommended to improve the doctoral students' research willingness by enhancing the research identity of doctoral students, improving the research system for doctoral students, giving full play to the leading role of supervisors, and creating a good research environment.