中国人工智能发展的研究动态与评述

Research Trends and Reviews on Artificial Intelligence Development in China

摘要:

人工智能作为新型举国体制科研攻关的重点领域，对于构建中国战略竞争优势至关重要。聚焦于有关中国人工智能发展的研究文献，旨在提出促进中国人工智能发展的对策，明确未来中国人工智能发展领域有待探索的方向。从中国人工智能发展现状与水平测度、发展影响、存在问题及发展对策4个方面，对有关文献进行全面回顾与梳理。结果表明：关于中国人工智能发展水平测度研究多基于经济学视角展开，但尚未形成一套科学公允的测度方法；普遍观点认为，人工智能发展可促进经济增长与产业结构升级，短期会引起技术性失业与实际工资下降，长期可能加剧就业的两极分化与收入不平等；相较于创新环境营造与人机伦理协调，技术创新与人才培养的对策更为理论界所关注。总体而言，有关研究较少涉及算法、模型开发、系统和架构等深层次的技术路线探讨，且对人工智能技术影响经济发展的机理与机制研究略显不足，仍需要从全局性战略角度思考关于中国技术进步约束的底层逻辑。

Abstract:

As a key focus area in China's new national system for scientific research and development, Artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for constructing China's strategic competitive advantage. This paper focuses on the latest research dynamics regarding AI development of China. By employing literature analysis and inductive analysis methods, it reviews and critiques existing literature in the field of AI development of China, aiming to propose strategies to promote AI development of China and clarify the future directions that require further exploration. Firstly, AI development in China is rapid, with its AI technological level ranking among the world's top and the core AI industry scale exceeding one hundred billion yuan. Secondly, while driving social economic growth, AI development also promotes industrial structure adjustment and social welfare improvement. Thirdly, despite deficiencies in top-level design, basic computing power, and technical foundations, China's AI application scenarios continue to expand with breakthroughs in large model architecture innovation and embodied robotics technology, gradually bridging the gap in underlying technologies between China and international advanced levels. The research results of this paper indicate that studies on the development level assessment of China's AI are mostly conducted from an economic perspective, but a scientific and fair assessment method adapted to China's AI development level has yet to be established. The general consensus is that AI development can boost economic growth and industrial upgrading, but it may cause technological unemployment and wage decline in the short term, and potentially exacerbate long-term social employment polarization and income inequality. Compared with innovation environment creation and human–machine ethical coordination, strategies for AI technological innovation and talent cultivation are more widely discussed in the academic community. Overall, there is a lack of in-depth research on technical routes such as algorithms, model development, systems, and architectures, and the study of the mechanisms through which AI technology impacts economic development is insufficient. Further research is needed to consider the underlying logic of China's technological development constraints from a holistic strategic perspective.