技术创新对收入不平等的“多重效应”：机制诠释与实证检验 ——基于创新型城市和非创新型城市的对比考察

The "Multiple Effects" of Technological Innovation on Income Inequality: Mechanism Interpretation and Empirical Test -- Based on the comparative study of innovative cities and non-innovative cities

摘要:

技术创新是中国迈向共同富裕的关键“动力源”，收入不平等是实现共同富裕的主要“绊脚石”，技术创新与收入不平等之间呈现怎样的关系？运用2010-2019年我国261个地级市的面板数据，将其分为创新型城市和非创新型城市两个对照组，采用门槛回归的方法实证分析了技术创新对收入不平等的多重效应。结果表明，二者间存在直接和间接两重门槛效应，创新型城市的影响效应由“技能溢价”和“侵蚀效应”占优转变为“知识溢价”和“规模效应”占优，非创新型城市始终是“知识溢价”和“规模效应”占优；以经济增长为中介变量，随着技术创新水平的提高，经济增长的“累积效应”会逐渐转变为“补偿效应”。由此，政府在制定创新政策时应因地制宜、相机决策以冲减技术创新对收入不平等的负向影响。

Abstract:

Technological innovation is the key "power force" for China to move towards common prosperity, and income inequality is the main "stumbling block" for achieving common prosperity. What is the relationship between technological innovation and income inequality? Using panel data from 261 prefecture level cities in China from 2010 to 2019, we divided them into two control groups: innovative cities and non innovative cities. We used threshold regression to empirically analyze the multiple effects of technological innovation on income inequality. The results indicate that there is a dual threshold effect between the two, direct and indirect. The impact effect of innovative cities has shifted from being dominated by "skill premium" and "erosion effect" to being dominated by "knowledge premium" and "scale effect". Non innovative cities have always been dominated by "knowledge premium" and "scale effect"; With economic growth as a mediating variable, as the level of technological innovation improves, the "cumulative effect" of economic growth will gradually transform into a "compensation effect". Therefore, the government should tailor innovation policies to local conditions and make targeted decisions to offset the negative impact of technological innovation on income inequality.