基于专利挖掘的“卡脖子”关键技术甄别研究——以分析仪器领域为例

Research on Identifying "Bottleneck" Key Technologies Based on Patent Mining: A Case Study in the Field of Analytical Instruments

摘要:

突破“卡脖子”困境是实现科技自立自强、建设高质量科技创新体系的关键环节,甄别“卡脖子”关键技术能够为突破路径和组织模式研究提供战略方向。首先基于关键技术的一般技术特征以及“卡脖子”关键技术的战略需求特征,构建双维度12个细分指标的“卡脖子”关键技术甄别指标体系,再使用自然语言处理技术与机器学习进行数据特征挖掘,构建一种“卡脖子”关键技术甄别方法。甄别出分析仪器领域“卡脖子”关键技术305项,经LDA主题聚类分析得出4个“卡脖子”关键技术领域。结果发现:分析仪器“卡脖子”关键技术扩散范围局限在以美国为首的技术联盟内；我国分析仪器技术布局散而不精；等离子体处理设备、质谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪是甄别出的重点“卡脖子”分析仪器。最后基于研究结论对中国分析仪器发展提出建议。

Abstract:

The breakthrough of "bottleneck" challenges is a crucial step towards achieving technological self-reliance, building a high-quality scientific and technological innovation system. Identifying "Bottleneck" key technologies provides practical evidence for breakthrough paths and organizational modes. Firstly, based on the general technological characteristics of key technologies and the strategic demands of "bottleneck" key technologies, a "bottleneck" key technology identification index system is constructed, consisting of 12 subdivided indicators in two dimensions. Then, natural language processing techniques and machine learning are employed for data feature mining, creating a method for identifying "bottleneck" key technologies. Train a machine learning classifier which is used to identify 305 "bottleneck" key technologies in the field of analytical instruments. Through LDA topic clustering analysis, 4 key technological areas of "bottleneck" challenges are identified. The results reveal that the diffusion of "bottleneck" key technologies in the field of analytical instruments is limited to technology alliances led by the United States, and China"s technological layout is extensive but unevenly developed. Plasma processing equipment, mass spectrometers, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers are identified as key "bottleneck" areas in analytical instruments. Finally, based on the research findings, recommendations are proposed for the development of analytical instruments in China.