中国农业科技创新政策的发展与建议 ——基于德国、美国和日本的经验分析

Development and Recommendations of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Policies in China - An Empirical Analysis Based on Germany, the United States and Japan

摘要:

面对当今世界日益严峻的环境、气候和粮食短缺问题，各国政府纷纷出台相应政策，其中农业科技创新成为发展现代化农业的重要手段之一。农业科技的发展离不开农业科技创新政策的引导和支撑。作为世界农业大国，中国的农业科技发展水平与世界农业强国相比仍存在一定差距。通过梳理和分析德国、美国和日本等典型发达国家的农业科技创新政策，深入了解其在政策目标、支持措施以及实施路径方面的独特性和复杂性，揭示了农业科技创新过程中的共性挑战与关键因素，如创新资源的有效配置、科研与产业的深度融合等。在借鉴国际经验的基础上，结合中国的实际情况，提出了以下建议：（1）加强顶层设计，明确政策目标和路径，为科技创新提供更有力的引导；（2）构建创新体系，包括加强科研机构和产业界之间的合作，推动科技成果的转化和应用；（3）探索长效机制，激励农业科技创新的持续发展，确保其对农业生产、环境保护和粮食安全的长期贡献。

Abstract:

In the face of the world's increasingly serious environmental, climate and food shortage problems, governments have introduced corresponding policies, in which agricultural science and technology innovation has become one of the important means of developing modern agriculture. The development of agricultural science and technology cannot be separated from the guidance and support of agricultural science and technology innovation policy. As a large agricultural country in the world, China's agricultural science and technology development level is still a certain gap compared with the world's agricultural powerhouses. By combing and analyzing the agricultural science and technology innovation policies of typical developed countries such as Germany, the United States and Japan, we have gained an in-depth understanding of the uniqueness and complexity of their policy objectives, support measures and implementation paths, and revealed the common challenges and key factors in the process of agricultural science and technology innovation, such as the effective allocation of innovation resources, and the in-depth fusion of scientific research and industry. Based on international experience and China's actual situation, the following recommendations are put forward: (1) strengthen the top-level design, clarify the policy objectives and paths, and provide stronger guidance for S&T innovation; (2) build an innovation system, including strengthening the cooperation between scientific research institutions and industries, and promoting the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements; (3) explore a long-term mechanism to incentivize the sustained development of S&T innovation in agriculture, to ensure its long-term contribution to agricultural production, environmental protection and food security.