人工智能发展对全要素生产率的空间效应及作用机制分析

Analysis on the Spatial Effect and Mechanism of Artificial Intelligence Development on Total Factor Productivity

摘要:

在数字经济时代，智能科技快速发展引发社会各界广泛关注，人工智能技术的社会经济效应成为研究焦点之一。从技术条件、智能应用和创新实践3个维度对中国2010－2022年省域人工智能发展水平进行测度，基于马克思主义经济学分工理论视角，系统考察人工智能发展对全要素生产率的影响机理，并构建空间误差模型、空间滞后模型和空间杜宾模型实证检验人工智能对全要素生产率的空间溢出效应。结果表明：（1）中国人工智能发展和全要素生产率水平均呈现显著空间正相关关系，人工智能发展对全要素生产率存在正向空间溢出效应；（2）异质性检验表明，中国东部地区和人工智能发展水平较高地区对全要素生产率的正向空间溢出效应更为显著；（3）机制检验表明，人工智能发展对全要素生产率的空间效应经由促进技术创新途径发生。为此，建议政府加大人工智能基础研究投入力度、推动人工智能与实体产业分工融合、推进跨省人工智能合作平台建设以及加强区域人工智能技术均衡发展。

Abstract:

In the era of digital economy, the rapid development of intelligent technology has aroused wide attention from all walks of life, and the socio-economic effect of artificial intelligence technology has become one of the research focuses. This paper measures the development level of artificial intelligence in China's provinces from 2010 to 2022 from three dimensions: technical conditions, intelligent application and innovative practice. Based on the perspective of Marxist economic division of labor theory, the influence mechanism of artificial intelligence development on total factor productivity is systematically investigated. Then spatial error model, spatial lag model and spatial Durbin model are constructed to empirically test the spatial effects of artificial intelligence on total factor productivity. The results show as follows: (1) There is a significant spatial positive correlation between the development of artificial intelligence and the level of total factor productivity in China, and the development of artificial intelligence has a positive spatial spillover effect on total factor productivity; (2) Heterogeneity test shows that the positive spatial spillover effect on total factor productivity is more significant in eastern China and regions with higher artificial intelligence development level; (3) Mechanism test shows that the spatial effect of artificial intelligence development on total factor productivity occurs through promoting technological innovation. Therefore, it is recommended that the government increase investment for basic research on artificial intelligence, promote the division of labor and integration of artificial intelligence and real industries, promote the construction of cross-provincial artificial intelligence cooperation platforms, and strengthen the balanced development of regional artificial intelligence technology.