科学研究的“项目化生存”与原始创新困境 ——基于高校和科研机构研究人员的问卷调查分析

The Dilemma of Project-based Survival and Primitive Innovation in Scientific Research: Analysis Based on Questionnaire Survey of Researchers from Universities and Research Institutes

摘要:

原始创新是我国科技强国建设与新质生产力发展的关键驱力。近年来，我国的科研资助力度持续增强，促进了我国科学技术的快速繁荣，但知识生产中“从0到1”原始创新匮乏的问题仍未得到根本改观。原始创新不足的原因来自许多方面，从科研管理体制来看，将承担项目作为评价科研机构和科研人员的决定性条件所形成的“项目化生存”是影响原始创新的重要原因。“项目化生存”在追赶型科研阶段促进了我国科技产出的快速提升，但也引发了“全民申项目”、科研效率悖论、短期成果导向的问题，使原始创新研究所需的人才存量、优才选拔、科研经费、科研注意力、自主科研的时间与空间这几个方面的基本资源发生严重错配，阻滞了原始创新的形成。在引领型科研阶段，应改变“项目化生存”的科研资助和管理体制，树立以科研实绩而不是科研项目为导向的科研评价体制，让科研资助回归本质。

Abstract:

Primitive innovation is a key driving force for China's construction of a strong scientific and technological country and the development of new quality productive forces. In recent years, China's research funding has continued to increase, promoting the rapid prosperity of science and technology in the country. However, the problem of the lack of original innovation from scratch in knowledge production has not been fundamentally improved. The reasons for insufficient original innovation are multifaceted. From the perspective of scientific research management system, the "project-based survival" formed by taking on projects as the decisive condition for evaluating scientific research institutions and personnel is an important factor affecting original innovation. The "project-based survival" has promoted the rapid improvement of China's scientific and technological output in the catch-up stage of scientific research, but it has also caused problems such as "universal application for research projects", research efficiency paradox, and short-term achievement orientation, which seriously mismatches the basic resources required for original innovation research in terms of talent stock, talent selection, research funding, research attention and the time and space of potential original innovation, hindering the formation of original innovation. In the leading research stage, it is necessary to change the "project-based survival" research funding and management system, establish a research evaluation system guided by research achievements rather than research projects, and return research funding to its essence.