基础研究政策何以驱动企业技术创新 ——基于上市企业的准实验研究

Song Xiao1 , Li Qiushi2 , Zhang Longpeng3 ,Zhu Xincheng4

摘要:

基础研究政策是培育新质生产力，推进我国高水平科技自立自强建设的重要设计。研究以2018年以来部分省份相继颁布基础研究专项政策为准自然实验，基于2015-2022年中国A股上市企业数据，采用多期差分模型从企业技术创新层面实证检验了基础研究政策的作用效应及机制。结果表明：基础研究政策对企业高/低水平两类技术创新均产生了显著的促进效应，该促进效应在中部地区企业、制造业企业、国有企业和建有基础研究研发平台的企业中更强。机制分析发现，基础研究政策通过形成企业的经费投入效应、人才集聚效应、平台建设效应、合作开发效应及数字化转型效应，驱动了企业技术创新发展。政策工具效应分析发现，资金、人才、物质和环境四类基础研究政策工具均对企业技术创新具有显著的促进效应，其中，环境要素工具在当前条件下作用效应最强；同时，政策的工具组合总体表现为协同效应，且在11种工具组合形态中，作用效应最高的为同时使用四类工具的组合。研究结论对优化和调整基础研究支持政策具有重要启示意义。

Abstract:

Basic research policy is an important design for cultivating new quality productivity and promoting the construction of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance in China. This study takes the successive promulgation of comprehensive basic research policies in some provinces since 2018 as a natural experiment, and empirically examines the role effect of basic research policies and its mechanism of action from the level of technological innovation of enterprises based on the data of China's A-share-listed enterprises in the period of 2015-2022 by using multi-period DID model. The results show that the basic research policy has a significant promotional effect on enterprises' high/low level of technological innovation, and this promotional effect is stronger among enterprises in the central region, manufacturing enterprises, state-owned enterprises and enterprises with basic research R&D platforms. Mechanism analysis reveals that the basic research policy drives technological innovation development of enterprises through the formation of funding effect, talent concentration effect, platform construction effect, cooperative development effect and digital transformation effect. The analysis of policy tool effect found that the four types of basic research policy tools, namely, funding, talent, material and environment, have significant promotion effects, among which, the environmental element tool has the strongest effect under the current conditions; at the same time, the tool combination effect of the policy is generally manifested as a synergistic effect, and among the 11 types of tool combinations, the combination of using four types of tools at the same time has the highest effect. The conclusions of the study are of great revelation to the optimization and adjustment of basic research support policies.