中国能源国际合作政策主体社会网络分析——基于政策工具的视角

Balancing Policy Instruments in China's International Energy Cooperation: A Study of Policy Actors' Roles in the Joint Issuance Network

摘要:

为深入探究中国能源国际合作政策工具的布局特点，建立灵活高效的政策机制以应对变动的能源国际合作形势，选取能源国际合作典型政策文本作为研究对象，运用内容分析法及社会网络分析法，对中国能源国际合作政策主体和政策工具之间的交互网络结构进行分析。研究发现：供给型政策工具在能源国际合作的三类政策工具中使用频率最高，但其合作网络中存在较多结构洞，政策执行效率相对较低；国家发改委和科学技术部在三类政策工具主体合作网络中，均频繁地发挥中介作用和影响力；国家能源局在供给型政策网络中的中介作用和影响力均弱于在环境型和需求型网络中的表现。由此，提出了提升中国能源国际合作政策执行效率的策略在于加强国家能源局在供给型政策网络中与其他关键部门（如国家发改委、科学技术部）的跨部门协作，特别是在‘信息支持’和‘基础设施建设’等使用较少的政策子工具方面，优化政策布局并提供专项支持。

Abstract:

The strategic allocation and use of policy tools in international energy cooperation are essential for achieving policy objectives. At the same time, policy actors play crucial roles in formulating, implementing, and evaluating these policies. In China’s international energy cooperation, there is a notable interdependence between the policy tools and the actors involved. This study first constructs a two-dimensional analytical framework—combining policy tools and policy actors—classifying existing policies related to energy international cooperation into three categories: supply side, environmental, and demand side, based on the framework proposed by Rothwell and Zegveld. It then analyzes the frequency and patterns of policy documents published by individual and joint actors over the years. Finally, the study maps the cooperation networks of joint publication actors within each policy category and examines their characteristics, particularly focusing on those actors with significant intermediary and influence roles . The findings are as follows: (1) Among the three policy types, supply side tools are the most frequently used, but their cooperation networks exhibit the most structural holes and suffer from lower efficiency. (2) The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) consistently occupy key intermediary positions and exert significant influence across all three networks, while the National Energy Administration (NEA) exerts weaker influence and plays a less prominent intermediary role in the supply side network compared to its roles in the environmental and demand side networks. (3) In the supply side network, key actors such as the NDRC, MOST, and Ministry of Finance are critical to addressing structural gaps and improving network efficiency. These actors can enhance the use of low-frequency tools or collaborate with essential departments like the NEA to fill these gaps. These findings offer novel recommendations for advancing energy international cooperation policies.