低碳城市何以更能集聚科技型人才？

Why can Low-carbon Cities Gather Technological Talents more Effectively?

摘要:

在“双碳”战略目标引领下,城市低碳转型与创新要素协同配置已成为推动高质量发展的重要命题。作为环境规制与创新政策的复合型制度设计,低碳城市试点政策如何通过要素配置效应引致科技型人才空间重构,这一命题亟待理论深化与机制解构。为评估低碳城市建设对科技型人才集聚的影响,本文基于多期双重差分模型对2003-2019年246个地级市面板数据进行实证检验,并进一步对其进行机制分析与异质性分析,系统揭示低碳城市建设影响科技型人才集聚的动态机制。研究发现:①低碳试点政策能够显著地促进科技型人才集聚,且该结论在平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、排除干扰政策影响、更换被解释变量衡量指标、PSM-DID及试点城市非随机选择等一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。②机制分析表明,低碳试点政策通过工资溢价、城市宜居度提升及创新驱动三重路径,显著促进科技型人才向试点城市集聚。③异质性分析显示,低碳试点政策对科技人才的集聚效应在东部地区和沿海地区表现尤为显著。此外,在同时具备中等经济发展水平、交通便利优势以及数字与绿色基础设施完善的区域,该政策的效果更为突出。本文为统筹推进生态文明建设与创新人才高地培育提供理论依据与决策参考。

Abstract:

Under the guidance of the "dual carbon" strategic goals, the coordinated allocation of innovation elements in the context of urban low-carbon transformation has become an important proposition for promoting high-quality development. As a compound institutional design of environmental regulations and innovation policies, how the low-carbon city pilot policy induces the spatial reconfiguration of scientific and technological talents through the effect of factor allocation is an urgent issue that requires theoretical deepening and mechanism deconstruction. To assess the impact of low-carbon city construction on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, this paper conducts an empirical test based on a multi-period difference-in-differences model using panel data of 246 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019, and further conducts mechanism analysis and heterogeneity analysis to systematically reveal the dynamic mechanism by which low-carbon city construction affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents.